California Penal Code 23900 PC – Altering Identification Information on a Firearm
In California, firearm identification markings—such as serial numbers, manufacturer names, and model designations—are central to the state's gun-control framework.
These markings allow law enforcement to trace firearms, verify lawful ownership, and investigate gun-related crimes.
Because of this, altering or removing firearm identification information is a felony offense under California Penal Code 23900 PC.
A conviction can result in state prison time, substantial fines, and permanent loss of firearm rights.
California Penal Code 16520 PC defines the term firearm under California law.
Your best hope for a favorable outcome is with a highly experienced criminal defense attorney at Cron, Israels & Stark in Los Angeles.
To schedule a consultation, call (424) 372-3112 or contact us here.
What Is Penal Code 23900 PC?
California Penal Code 23900 PC makes it illegal to change, alter, remove, or obliterate any identifying mark on a firearm without prior written permission from the California Department of Justice.
The statute applies to:
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Serial numbers
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Manufacturer names
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Model numbers
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DOJ-assigned identification marks
The law targets conduct that renders a firearm untraceable, even if the weapon is otherwise lawfully owned.
What the Law Prohibits (Plain English)
Penal Code 23900 states that any person who alters or removes identifying information from a firearm without DOJ authorization commits a felony.
Key points:
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The firearm does not need to be used in another crime
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The gun does not need to be illegal
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The act of alteration alone is enough
This law applies broadly to handguns, rifles, assault weapons, shotguns, revolvers, and other firearms.
Elements the Prosecutor Must Prove
To secure a conviction under PC 23900, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt:
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The firearm had identifying information (serial number, markings, or DOJ identifier)
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The identifying information was altered, removed, or obliterated
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The defendant did not have written permission from the Department of Justice
Importantly, specific criminal intent is not an express element. Many cases hinge on whether the defendant actually performed—or knowingly possessed—the altered firearm.
Why Altering Firearm Identification Is a Felony
When identifying markers are altered or removed, law enforcement may be unable to:
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Confirm lawful purchase or registration
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Trace a firearm used in a crime
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Connect a weapon to its owner
Untraceable firearms are commonly associated with illegal resale, trafficking, and violent crime, which is why California punishes PC 23900 violations at the felony level—on par with many other serious gun offenses.
Real-World Examples of Penal Code 23900 Violations
Example 1: Filed Serial Number
A firearm owner intentionally files off a handgun's serial number to avoid tracing. Even if the gun is never used in a crime, this conduct violates PC 23900.
Example 2: Commercial Alteration
A pawnshop or dealer removes manufacturer markings to increase resale value. Altering identification for commercial purposes is still a felony.
Example 3: DOJ-Approved Restoration
A collector obtains written DOJ permission to remove non-original markings during antique restoration. Because approval was granted, no crime occurred.
Penalties for Violating Penal Code 23900
A violation of PC 23900 is always charged as a felony.
Statutory Penalties
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16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in California state prison
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Up to $10,000 in fines
Collateral Consequences
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Permanent prohibition on firearm ownership
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A felony conviction on your criminal record
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Potential sentence enhancements if other gun charges apply
Related California Firearm Offenses
PC 23900 charges often accompany other weapons allegations, including:
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California Penal Code 29800 – Felon in possession of a firearm
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California Penal Code 30600 – Assault weapons
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California Penal Code 25850 – Carrying a loaded firearm
When multiple firearm charges are filed, sentencing exposure can increase significantly.
Common Defenses to PC 23900 Charges
Although PC 23900 is a serious offense, valid defenses exist depending on the facts.
Lack of Knowledge or Control
You may not have altered the firearm and may not have known the markings were modified.
Accidental or Environmental Damage
Wear, corrosion, scraping, or accidental damage may have obscured markings without intentional alteration.
DOJ Authorization
Written permission from the Department of Justice is a complete defense.
Insufficient Evidence
The prosecution must prove you personally altered the firearm, not merely possessed it after alteration.
Why Early Legal Representation Matters
Firearm cases often involve:
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Weapon seizure
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Forensic analysis
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Statements made during police questioning
Early defense involvement can:
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Prevent additional charges
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Challenge forensic assumptions
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Protect firearm rights
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Position the case for dismissal or reduction
Speak With a California Firearm Defense Attorney
If you are under investigation or charged with altering firearm identification information under Penal Code 23900 PC, your freedom and gun rights are at risk.
Contact Cron, Israels & Stark for a confidential consultation at (424) 372-3112. An experienced California firearm defense attorney can evaluate your case and fight to protect your future.